What are the classifications of industrial pumps?

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[Abstract]:

Vane pump: The vane pump is the kinetic energy and pressure energy that converts the mechanical energy of the impeller in the pump at high speed into liquid. Because of the curved and twisted blades in the impeller

There are many types of pumps, different structures, and many methods of classification. Common classification methods are:

(1) Classification by pump working principle

1) Vane pump: The vane pump is the kinetic energy and pressure energy that converts the mechanical energy of the impeller in the pump at high speed into liquid. Because of the curved and twisted blades in the impeller, it is called a vane pump. According to the different force of the impeller structure on the liquid, the vane pump can be divided into:

a. Centrifugal pump: A pump that pumps liquid by inertial centrifugal force formed by the rotation of the impeller.

b. Axial flow pump: A pump that pumps liquid by the axial thrust generated by the rotation of the impeller. It belongs to low lift and large flow pump type. The general performance range: head: 1~12 meters, flow rate 0.3~65 cubic meters/second, specific speed 500~1600.

c. Mixed flow pump: A pump that pumps the liquid while generating both inertial centrifugal force and axial thrust.

2) Volumetric pump: The liquid is delivered by periodic changes in the volume of the working chamber. There are piston pumps, piston pumps, diaphragm pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps, etc.

3) Other types of pumps: there are jet pumps, electromagnetic pumps, etc.

(2) Classification of centrifugal pumps Centrifugal pumps are classified according to their structure:

a, according to the spindle orientation classification: 1, horizontal pump: the horizontal position of the main shaft; 2, inclined pump: the main shaft and the horizontal plane are placed at a certain angle; 3, vertical pump: the main shaft is placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

b. According to the suction mode of the impeller: 1. Single suction pump: liquid flows into the impeller from one side, single suction impeller; 2. Double suction pump: liquid flows into the impeller from both sides, double suction impeller.

c. Classification according to the number of impellers: 1. Single-stage pump: only one impeller is installed on the pump shaft; 2. Multi-stage pump: Two or more impellers are installed on the same pump shaft, and the liquid flows through each stage of the impeller in turn.

d. According to the part of the pump casing: 1. Sectional pump: the plane is perpendicular to the plane of the main shaft; 2. Segmented pump: in the segmented multistage pump, each section of the pump is separate 3, medium open pump: the shell is separated from the plane passing through the shaft axis of the pump shaft, and is divided into: horizontal open type pump according to the plane of the split plane; the split surface is a horizontal plane, which is a horizontal pump; Vertical open type pump; the split surface is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is a vertical pump; the oblique open type pump: the split surface is at an angle to the horizontal plane and is an inclined pump.

e, according to the form of the pump body: 1, volute pump; 2, double volute pump.

f, special structure of the pump:

1. Submersible electric pump: The pump and the motor are integrated into one body and can be submerged into the water. The pump body is generally a single-stage and multi-stage vertical centrifugal pump and an axial flow pump.

2. Submerged pump: It is a single-stage or multi-stage vertical centrifugal pump. The motor and pump seat are located on the upper surface of the liquid. The pump body is submerged in the liquid. The motor drives the impeller to rotate through the long drive shaft. Mainly used in the food industry.

3, pipeline pump: directly installed in the horizontal pipeline or vertical pipeline operation, the pump inlet and outlet are in a straight line, and in most cases the inlet and outlet have the same caliber, suitable for industrial system midway pressure, air conditioning circulating water Conveying and urban high-rise building water supply.

4. Shielding pump: The motor and the pump are integrated into one. The motor and the pump are coaxial. The inner and outer rotors of the motor are separated by a shielding sleeve. The pump is completely closed except for the inlet and outlet to ensure that the pump does not transport liquid. Give way.

5. Magnetic pump: The power of the motor is transmitted to the pump through the magnetic coupling. The inner rotor magnetic steel of the magnetic coupling drives the impeller, and the inner and outer magnetic steel of the magnetic coupling adopts the isolation sleeve, which is the same as the shield pump. It is also a non-sealed, leak-free pump type.

6. Self-priming pump: For the first time, a small amount of liquid is poured into the pump. After starting, the pump can be self-watering, mostly horizontal centrifugal pump = vortex pump. More applications in sprinkler irrigation.

7. High-speed pump: From the working principle of the pump, there are two kinds of structures: high-speed partial flow tangent pump and centrifugal pump. From the shifting mode, there are high-speed pumps that pass the motor variable frequency direct drive high speed pump and speed increase box. The motor frequency conversion direct drive speed is below 9000r/min, the gear spindle is increased by the gearbox, the speed can be higher, but the maximum speed does not exceed 24000r/min.

8. Direct-connected pump: The pump uses the power machine shaft to make the main shaft, eliminating the pump suspension part.

9. Deep well pump: It is a multi-stage vertical centrifugal pump. It is used to take groundwater equipment. The motor and pump seat are located in the upper part of the wellhead. The pump body is submerged in the underground water. The motor drives the impeller to rotate through the long drive shaft concentric with the water pipe. For urban and farmland irrigation with groundwater as a source of water.

10. Water wheel pump: A water lifting machine consisting of a turbine and a water pump in a certain way. The water head drives the turbine to rotate, which is used as the power to drive the water pump impeller to rotate, so as to achieve the purpose of lifting water.

(3) Axial flow pump classification

1) According to the way the pump shaft is placed

a, vertical axial flow pump: the main shaft is placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane;

b. Horizontal axial flow pump: the spindle is placed horizontally;

c. Oblique axial flow pump: The main shaft is placed at an angle to the horizontal plane.

2) Classification according to the way the impeller is fixed on the hub body

a, fixed vane axial flow pump: the blade angle is not fixed, mostly used for small axial flow pump;

b. Semi-adjustable vane axial flow pump: the impeller can be removed to adjust the blade angle during shutdown.

c. Fully-adjustable axial flow pump: Through the adjustment mechanism, the pump can adjust the blade angle by itself during operation.

(4) Classification of mixed flow pumps There are two types of mixed flow pumps: volute type mixed flow pump and vane type mixed flow pump.

1) Volute type mixed flow pump: The shape and structure are similar to single-stage single-suction centrifugal pumps.

2) Guide vane mixed flow pump: The shape and structure are similar to those of axial flow pumps.

(5) Classification of positive displacement pump The positive displacement pump can be divided into two types: reciprocating pump and rotary pump according to how the working element moves or rotates.

A positive displacement pump that reciprocates through a piston and a plunger working element is called a reciprocating pump.

A pump that produces a volume change of a working chamber by rotation of a working element such as a gear, a screw, an impeller rotor, or a vane to cause liquid to continuously transfer from the suction side to the discharge side is called a rotary pump. Such as gear pumps, screw pumps, liquid ring pumps, flexible impeller pumps, rotary piston pumps, radial or axial rotary piston pumps.

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